Basic Element of Just in Time - 1178 Words

Basic elements of Just In Time The basic elements of Just In Time (JIT) were developed by Toyota in the 1950 s, known as the Toyota Production System (TPS). JIT was well-established in many Japanese factories by the early 1970 s. JIT began to be adopted in the U.S. in the 1980 s (General Electric was an early adopter), and the JIT/lean concepts are now widely accepted and used. There have ten basic elements in Just In time which are flexible resource, efficient facility layout, pull production system, Kanban production control, small lot production, quick setup, uniform production, quality at the source, total production maintenance and supplier network. 1. Flexible Resources The Concept of flexible resources, in the form of†¦show more content†¦Small lots with shorter setup times reduced from hour to minuet and it’s increase flexibility to respond to demand changes. Shingo as a genius at the task reduced setup time on a 1000 ton press from 6 hours to 3 minuets using SMED ( single-minute exchange of dies ) system. SMED principle can apply in separate internal setup from external setup. Its also can convert internal setup to external setup. Besides that, it can streamline all aspect of setup and perform setup activities in parallel or eliminate them entirely. 7. Uniform Production JIT attempt to maintain uniform production levels by smoothing the production requirements on the final assembly line. Changes in final assembly always have dramatic effects on component production upstream. When this happen in kanban , kanban for certain part will circulate very quickly at some times and very slowly at others. Kanban systems can handle +/- 10% demand changes. One way to reduce variability in production is to guard against unexpected demand through more accurate forecasts. Another approach to achieving uniform production is to level or smooth demand across the planning horizon. Demand is divided into small increments of time so that the same amount of each item is produced each day and item is mixed throughout the day in small quantities. 8. Quality at the Source Quality has to be extremely high to ensure JIT system to work well. Jidoka is the authority to stop production line. VisualShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Chemistry on Medicine Essay example580 Words   |  3 Pageschemistry to help it out. Everything that medicine does is based on chemistry at its core. A long time ago when there was not nearly as much knowledge of chemistry and the medicine was much more basic as well. All of medicine is made of different elements in one way or another. Chemistry will probably also have impacts on the discoveries in medicine yet to come. Back in the 1200’s the human race had just discovered the circulation of blood. That shows how far we have come with modern medicine. ThingsRead MoreDefining Literature Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages The definition of literature has been discussed and argued over time and there is no precise answer to be given. Any reader or author can define literature as whatever they wish it to be defined as. This is more of an opinion of how one views certain pieces of work or writings and whether or not they feel that is actually literature or not. Literature is any type of creative writing such as fiction or poetry, for example. Literature is also any form of body of written works of language, whichRead MoreEssay on Website Design1245 Words   |  5 Pagesto socialize with one another by social networking or to play games online. It was created in the 1960s for scientists and military personnel to exchange important and sometimes top secret information through telephone lines, whi ch took a very long time compared to our high speed internet providers today. However, in the 1980s the Internet spread to more public professions such as hospitals, schools, government agencies, and businesses. As the decade continued the internet became accessible to anyoneRead MoreJapanese Gardens : A Garden Style1450 Words   |  6 PagesJapan with a design elements that in line with the Buddhism belief. Buddhist teaching is symbolized in the different elements are make up the garden as a whole. The specific element that will be focused on in this paper is water, stone, architectural elements of paths, stone lanterns, pagodas and bridges. Buddhism religion was used in the inspiration of all the elements in the Japanese Gardens. The Japanese Garden that used to break down the broad scope of all the different elements is a Japanese GardenRead MoreCriminal Justice Administration585 Words   |  3 PagesThere are essentially five elements of planned change that a criminal justice administrator should be familiar with to effect change in a rational and effective manner. The process of planned change for the criminal justice administrator is essentially the same as any other organization; the five elements are fairly basic. These elements consist of problem analysis, setting goals and objectives, program and policy design, developing an action plan and monitoring and evaluation. (Peak 14) BeingRead MoreThe Differing Perspectives of Greek Philosophers Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pageschange. The change that we see is merely a cause of the interaction and changes in position of the four basic elements (earth, air, fire, and water). Much like Heraclitus and his views that orderly change is brought about by the â €Å"logos†, Empedocles also recognized that there was a force responsible for the change brought about. In his case, changes in the forms and positions of the basic elements was an effect of two forces – love and strife (or more commonly known as the forces of attraction and repulsion/decomposition)Read MoreThe Tripartite Theory Of The Soul1196 Words   |  5 Pagesthree constituent elements: the appetitive, the rational, and the spirited parts. These three separate elements of the soul are organized in a hierarchy with reason being the superior of the two and spirit being the most inferior (Republic 439d and 441a-b). In a just soul, Plato claims, the three elements of the soul harmonize with each other and follow the hierarchical order. However, in an unjust soul, the three elements oppose one another. These three psychological elements and its inherent hierarchyRead MoreFormal Lab Report Rates of Reaction Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals1622 Words   |  7 PagesAbstractThe rates of reaction of Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth meatals are compared in this lab. The pH of each of the resulting metal solutions are tested and the products of the reaction between calcium and water is discovered. The tested elements are sodium, lithium, potassium and calcium and each of them were placed in a beaker filled with water. The resulting solutions pH levels were tested with litmus paper. There were more steps for caclium becaus e it is the only Alkaline Earth metal. ForRead More Fayol’s Five Principles of Management 1066 Words   |  5 PagesDated back in 1984, Henri Fayol a French mining engineer developed and proposed fourteen principles for management and at the same time come up with five main elements of management. Planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling were Fayol’s version. As time goes by and generation changes, these five elements of management had been modified and reduced to four, which is plan, lead, organized and control. Fells (2000) claim that Fayol’s theory of management is appropriate and relevantRead MoreThe Importance Of Venture Management1211 Words   |  5 Pagesfor example, PERT outlines, basic way, and bar graphs have turned out to be practically synonymous with venture administration. Be that as it may, apparatuses cant supplant considering. Refocusing consideration from devices to key deduction will require a lot of exertion and assur ance. Second, dealing with the undertaking deliberately does not mean relinquishing the operational point of view. In actuality, taking care of business—getting the chance to showcase on time and inside spending plan—should

“The Story of an Hour” written by Kate Chopin is about...

â€Å"The Story of an Hour† written by Kate Chopin is about Mrs. Mallard, a lady with heart troubles who is married to Brently Mallard. At the beginning of the story, her husband’s friend Richards and her sister Josephine informed Mrs. Mallard that a railroad accident had killed her husband. After she had received the news, she then went by herself in her room alone (Chopin 337). The story then goes on to say, â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it repeatedly under her breath: â€Å"free, free, free!† Later on, it states she said â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† Her sister was begging her to let her in, but Mrs. Mallard refused. When Mrs. Mallard finally came downstairs, someone was opening the†¦show more content†¦(Evans 1). My next source discusses the emotions that took place throughout the short story. When informed about her husband’s death, Mrs. Mallard is unaware to the beauty of life breaks down under the powerful impact of emotion. She thinks it worthless to continue her existence (Jamil 216). In the story the narrator states, â€Å"It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long† (Chopin 338). The narrator also points that Mrs. Mallard is not struck, as â€Å"many women† have been, by â€Å"a paralyzed inability† to accept the painful sense of loss. This â€Å"storm† that â€Å"haunts her body seems to reach her soul† ultimately purges her of the sufferance of a meaningless life, as it becomes motivation that leads to her new freedom (Jamil 216). Mrs. Mallard’s heart trouble is not so much a physical disorder like the characters of the story think. It actually is a sign of a woman who has surrendered her heart to the culture of paternalism. The physiological outlook of her heart condition looks as if a result of the burden of allowing an individual’s powerful will to overlook and smother her own will. Mrs. Mallard set aside the social aspect of the world and allowed her individuality to develop (Jamil 216). Throughout the story, the narrator says â€Å"a monstrous joy† and â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† which shows us her new emotional freedom is awakening her mind (Jamil 217). Chopin shows that through Mrs. Mallard watching the nature and engaging inShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Katherine O Flaherty1266 Words   |  6 PagesO’Flaherty was born in St. Lois, Missouri, to a Creole-Irish family that enjoyed a high place in society. Her father died when she was four, and Kate was raised by her mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother. Very well read at young age, she received her formal education at the St. Louis Academy of the Sacred Heart. In 1870, she married Oscar Chopin, a Louisiana businessman, and lived with him in Natchitoches parish and New Orleans, where she became a close observer of Creole and Cajun life. F ollowingRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour Literary Analysis1294 Words   |  6 PagesMrs Mallard, a kind, older lady, had a severe heart disease. The element of surprise, if not executed right, could kill her. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin the element of time and surprise create an element that other authors struggle to do. In this paper, I will discuss the tone of the way the family broke the news of Mr. Mallard s death to Mrs. Mallard. Whether the news was bad or good, how it was broken to Mrs. Mallard could have killed her. In the end it did The emotions in the houseRead MoreNineteenth Century Gender Roles Exposed in The Necklace and The Story of an Hour2020 Words   |  9 PagesThe Necklace and The story of an hour represents gender roles as defined by the nineteenth century society guidelines . The The Story of an Hour was set in the late nineteenth century in the home of Louise Mallard.(Kate Chopin).It was written on April 19, 1894,by Kate Chopin. The theme Many also focus on women revolt against conformity, often against gender conformity or against social norms that limit omens possibilities in life. (Emmert, Scott ) The story was first titled TheRead MoreMrs. Mallards Moment of Illumination in Story Of An Hour1302 Words   |  6 PagesMRS. MALLARD’S â€Å"BRIEF MOMENT OF ILLUMINATION† Mrs. Mallard’s brief moment of illumination is a very deep and touching story about a lady who is forced to be married to a man she did not really know and did not love deeply with all her heart, as if she is bound with unhappiness for life! Now she has been liberated. The narrator portrays that was feeling a kind of freedom that she could not describe, but does not know how to deal with it. In this essay matters such as this freedom she was feelingRead MoreResearch Paper on Kate Chopin and Her Works2380 Words   |  10 Pages Kate Chopin is best known for her novel, The Awakening, published in 1899. After its publication, The Awakening created such uproar that its author was alienated from certain social circles in St. Louis. The novel also contributed to rejections of Chopins later stories including, The Story of An Hour and The Storm. The heavy criticism that she endured for the novel hindered her writing. The male dominated world was simply not ready for such an honest ex ploration of female independence, a frankRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and the Necklace Essay2858 Words   |  12 PagesHEAD: THE STORY OF AN HOUR amp; THE NECKLACE 1 The Story of an Hour amp; The Necklace Cindy Rohwer ENG 125 Douglas Goss September 8, 2012 THE STORY OF AN

Wall Mart Free Essays

string(50) " was in Mexico and adjacent countries and Canada\." A company has a competitive advantage over its rivals when its profitability is greater than the average profitability of all companies in its industry. It has a sustained competitive advantage when it is able to maintain above-average profitability over a number of years. Wal-Mart is a good example to understand this. We will write a custom essay sample on Wall Mart or any similar topic only for you Order Now First of all we have to know how the industry is’s attractive. We can know with the five forces porter. Analyzing five forces porter we find out if this is an industry attractive or not. †¢ The threat of new competitors is not very high. This makes the industry is closed and businesses one point of tranquility. †¢ The rivalry among competitors is very high and this will cause the continuing price war among supermarkets. †¢ The bargaining power of suppliers is an important point in this sector. Depends on the suppliers throughout the rest of the chain. †¢ Buyers do not have much bargaining power so this will make the industry more attractive. There is a strong threat of substitutes in this industry. The center of Wal-Mart’s efforts to gain market share through a wide range of categories is still his attitude towards the management of the supply chain. Long recognized as a key competitive advantage, Wal-Mart operates an unrivaled global network of 146 distribution centers. Included in this total are 103 domestic distribution centers that service to approximately 2,800 discount stores, Supercenters, Neighborhood Markets and 525 Sam’s Clubs, and 43 other establishments that 1,300 international units of service Wal-Mart located in nine countries.On the other hand it is important to say that in marketing and strategic management, competitive advantage is an advantage that a company has over other competing companies. To be truly effective, advantage should be: 1. Difficult to match 2. Only 3. Possible to maintain 4. Clearly above the competition 5. Applicable to various market situations Thanks to innovations in its logistics system, Wal-Mart became the largest chain of stores worldwide. In fact, for their excellent management, today Wal-Mart is the largest company in the world.The most important innovation logistics Wal-Mart, known as cross-docking, is to transfer goods from one truck to another, in places intended for this exchange, without storing them in warehouses never intermediate in its distribution network. In summary, the advantage that WM was compared to its rivals was to give ordinary people the opportunity to compare the same things as the rich. A big advantage that Wal-Mart accounts is the low price of their products. The strategy of Wal-Mart to offer financial products as just an open secret.In general, the traditional strategy of any retailer of large volumes: a phenomenal power to negotiate prices and payment terms. What sets Wal-Mart is a very wide shoulders that allow you to exert fierce pressure in suppliers. Wal-Mart has a clear purchasing policy: â€Å"I buy your product to X dollars. The price is not negotiable. Take it or leave it. † 2. IN WHICH OF WAL-MART’S PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES (NAMELY: PURCHASING, DISTRIBUTION AND WAREHOUSING, IN-STORE OPERATIONS, MARKETING, IT, HRM, AND ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS/STYLE) DO WM’S MAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES LIE?IDENTIFY THE DISTINCTIVE RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES IN EACH OF THESE FUNCTIONS/ACTIVITIES. With Wal-Mart the power shifted from manufacturers to distribution channels. Then the same pattern was seen in Home Depot and Toys â€Å"R† Us. A similar change could be to CarMax or Amazon. com in the near future. And like McDonald’s, Toyota and others have become inefficient competitive advantage by repairing weak links in their value chain, Wal-Mart fixed the link forming a partnership with its largest supplier, â€Å"Procter Gamble to align objectives  coordinate and share information.No supplier could do business with those companies, unless they wanted to become a strong link, and for some competitors, represented an opportunity to fill the space. Firms that wanted to do business with Wal-Mart had to change their business models by inserting improvements in systems, electronic data interchange and just-in time. WM uses logistics management as a competitive advantage. How do you get? * Lower cost of purchases: Strategic partnership with key activities Supplier * Many advances in logistics (cross-docking, FTL, LTL, †¦    Lower cost of sales: * External and joint planning of the chain with key distributors and retailers   * Optimized design process: reduction of lead-time chain Business Design * Seek to add value to the customer (price) * Collaborative management of the entire supply chain (from supplier to customer) * They are located in small towns (no competition) * Investments in new technologies over the sector * Supplier Collaboration: Exchange of standardized information   * Expansion from the inside out (villages to cities / USA to the world)Low cost * Lower operating costs than the competition * High bargaining power with suppliers (centralization of purchases)   * Agility in the distribution (optimization of the supply chain)   * ECR (Efficient Cost Response) and CRP (Continuous Replenishment Process) Human Resources * Empowerment of employees (associates) * Culture of involvement and belonging to the company (despite not having unions)   * Communication and brainstorming of ideas continued employee   * Compensation system is very effective benefits Leader (Sam Walton) and very strong Like other companies, the leadership of entrepreneurial energy operator and generated a cultural basis on which to base its competitive advantage. Walton was obsessed with keeping prices below competitors. For example, your rule was that travel expenses would not exceed 1% of purchases, so you had to share hotel room or walk instead of taking taxis In addition providers’ initially resisted providing information, and they believed it would weaken its competitive position. But now they have adopted the system.For example, Wal-Mart works closely with its suppliers integrating their data with their own in order to control which items are selling. This allows the company to keep storage costs down and suppliers to adjust production up or down depending on the progress of sales. 3. TO WHAT EXTENT HAS WM BEEN ABLE TO TRANSFER THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IT ESTABLISHED IN DISCOUNT RETAILING IN THE US (A) TO OTHER COUNTRIES, (B) TO OTHER RETAIL SECTORS AND FORMATS? WHY HAS WM’S OVERSEAS PERFORMANCE TO DATE BEEN SO PATCHY? The Wal-Mart operation in overseas markets was mixed.His strongest performance was in Mexico and adjacent countries and Canada. You read "Wall Mart" in category "Papers" But also in Britain, where its Asda supermarket chain of Wal-Mart systems enthusiastically adopted and culture. In Argentina and Germany were difficulties in fitting local conditions. In most overseas markets, Wal-Mart was far from being the market leader. In Britain its subsidiary (Asda) was the second largest supermarket chain after Tesco. The chain, in Brazil it was the third in the market, but in Germany, Argentina, and China was a relatively small competitor. Until 2002, there was little evidence that increasing competition Wal-Mart had dented operating gross margins and net margins were small changes between 1994 and 2002. Looking ahead, Wal-Mart could continue to find new sources of cost effectiveness it would allow its competitors to lower. Some competitors have adopted many of Wal-Mart efficient practices, offering more differentiation in quality and luxury items. One of the key strategies for grabbing the external market, which is accompanied by Wal-Mart’s culture, has been the purchase of large retail stores in the country.For example the case of Germany where the group acquired 21 supermarkets Wertkauf in 1997, a year after Interspar added 74 supermarkets. Acquired Cifra in Mexico in 1998, which was the largest retailer in the country. In the UK, WM scored 232 ASDA supermarket chain in 2000. Japan did not escape this international growth strategy in 2002 get 6. 1% interest in the fourth major supermarket in the country. The international expansion led to Wal Mart to build global distribution systems and transportation of goods. Wal-Mart’s performance in overseas markets was mixed.Its strongest performance was in adjacent countrie (Mexico and Canada) and also in Britain, where its Asda supermarket chain enthusiastically adopted Wal-Mart’s systems and its culture. In Argentina, and Germany it encountered major difficulties in adjusted t local conditions, while in Indonesia, a joint venture with PT Multipolar collapsed amidst acrimony and lawsuits. 4. TO WHAT EXTENT IS WM’S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE SUSTAINABLE? WHY HAVE OTHER RETAILERS HAD LIMITED SUCCESS IN IMITATING WM’S STRATEGY AND DUPLICATING ITS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE?Sustainable competitive advantage is one that has endured for a long enough period of time. With the idea of maximizing the economies in purchasing, minimize operating cost and pass the savings to members through low prices, WM has managed to archive competitive advantages sustainable. This is the case of WM; the company operates its sustainable competitive advantage through operational excellence, where the company provides consistent quality at competitive prices. This is achieved by standardizing business systems in such a way that minimizes the cost and the difficulties faced by the customer to buy the product.As I said before WM strategy is based on obtaining for them the lowest market price. To meet that goal, WM uses a low-cost strategy and operational excellence, which means: a) The sales mar gin (mark-up) of their articles is limited. b) Building and facilities are austere. c) Many of their products are only sold in closed boxes and not by units. d) Do not invest heavily in advertising. e) Reduced numbers of SKUs (number of different items that make up the assortment of products), allowing you to have greater operational excellence that Wal-Mart. ) Reduced number of personnel, by incorporation of electronic and mechanical forms of entry, exit and control of merchandise. Thus, the principal factors threatening the sustainability of competitive advantage of WM are three: 1) Imitation 2) Substitution 3) Other actions of existing competitors or new competitors. Imitation is often profitable for the ‘copycat’, since copying is one third cheaper than innovate, and the result becomes the third market faster than an innovation. However, there are business models, or components thereof, which are easier to copy than others. This happens with WM.In response to These Threats, Wal-Mart historical continually added to central office staff. Would Existing Competitors imitate the Wal-Mart’s strategy and systems? In discount stores, Target, Had successfully adopted much of the retail, Wal-Mart and supply chain practices, while Costco WAS seen by Many as outflanking the Sam’s Club stores, Wal-Mart by Combining down market prices with up market appeal. And new Competitors emerge with new Access â€Å"Than retail? Despite the collapse of the dotcom boom, online retailers increasingly were capturing the retail market through a wide range of computer products pharmaceuticals.The competition comprised not just other discount chains – Target, Kmart, and Dollar General – but also specialist mass retailers— particularly the â€Å"category killers† that dominated specific product markets: Home Depot in home improvement products, Toys-R-Us in toys, Office Depot in home office s upplies, Best Buy in appliances and consumer electronics. That is why other retailers had limited success in imitating WM’s strategy and duplicating its competitive advantage. 5. LOOKING AHEAD, WHAT MEASURES DOES WM NEED TO TAKE TO SUSTAIN ITS RECENT PERFORMANCE AND DEFEND AGAINST COMPETITIVE (AND OTHER) THREATS?Looking ahead, Wal-Mart could continue to find new sources of cost effectiveness it would allow its competitors to lower. Some competitors have adopted many of Wal-Mart efficient practices, offering more differentiation in quality and luxury items. Target Positioned Itself as an up-market Wal-Mart, while Costco is an up-market Sam’s Club. The Economist suggested that the cost competitiveness of Wal-Mart may suffer from difficulties in maintaining its cost advantage of labor on other retailers and mounting legal expenses and work 20 performances at any time they turned Wal-Mart 8. 00 return primarily personal injury lawsuits claiming employees, but also collective action lawsuits alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act allowed. The four factors that build and sustain competitive advantage (quality, customer responsiveness, superior efficiency and innovation) are the product of the company`s distinctive competences. And WM have all of this factor but especially the two last. Anyway, WM must always ensure especially in these times of imitations from competitors.A good strategy would be to raise barriers to imitation that allows send a signal to the rivals that the company has some valuable distinctive competency that allows it to create superior value. WM already is negotiating with the lasts innovations in control of the goods. The most recent innovation has to do with control of the merchandise through a card inserted into the product since its development, allowing it to follow in case of theft from employees or customers. Anyway, I think that WM does not have to worry about short-term efficiency as their infrastructures manage overall Project and facilitate cross functional cooperation.Their productions cooperate with RD on designing products. The Marketing section provides market information to RD. The RD develop new process though I believe WM could also develop more new products and further expand its products offerings, such as computers and appliances. In the other hand de materials management no primary responsibility, and the information systems of WM with some of the most advanced in the world because WM use the information systems to coordinate cross-functional and cross-company product development work with the last technology. And finally the Human Resource hires talented scientist and the best engineers. How to cite Wall Mart, Papers

Sex and Religion free essay sample

A discussion of the way religions regard sexuality and sexual behavior. Discusses the choices an individual makes and the opinions one forms about sex and sexuality which are based on the teachings and traditions of ones religion. Details the issue of having sex before marriage and the way it is regarded by several religions. Discusses Buddhism and its promotion of the spiritual view. Muslims do not believe that sexual relations are just for procreation, but they are absolutely confined to marriage between a wife and husband. Catholic teachings state that God intends for sex to involve the whole person, body and soul, in the context of a loving, committed relationship, for the sake of both bearing children and the mutual benefit of the spouses. Few things in life are as personal as the nature of ones sexuality. Whether we choose to abstain from sexual relations until marriage or get as much as we can regardless of a committed relationship; whether we feel abortion is evil or a womans personal choice; whether we think marriage is for life or simply one stop on the long road to the perfect relationship these are all questions that only the individual can answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex and Religion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But we are not alone in forming our opinions. We may be guided by parents or peers, but often, ones religious beliefs are the basis for opinions on sexuality. Religious doctrine may allow for individual freedom where sexuality is concerned, but each denomination has its own standard by which its followers are guided. Ultimately, the impact of religious belief cannot be denied. The choices an individual makes and the opinions one forms about sex and sexuality are based in the teachings and traditions of ones religion.